Ezinye izici eziyisisekelo zenjoloba

1. Ukubonisa irabha njengokunwebeka

Irabha ihlukile kumandla anwebekayo aboniswa yi-longitudinal elastic coefficient (Young's modulus). Kubhekiselwa kulokho okubizwa ngokuthi “ukunwebeka kwenjoloba” okungabuyiselwa ngisho nasemakhulwini amaphesenti okuguquka okusekelwe ekunwebekeni kwe-entropy okubangelwa ukufinyela nokuphindaphindeka kwezingidi zamangqamuzana.

2. Ukubonisa i-viscoelasticity yerabha

Ngokomthetho kaHooke, umzimba okuthiwa yi-viscoelastic onezici eziphakathi nendawo enwebekayo noketshezi oluphelele. Okusho ukuthi, ngezenzo ezifana nokuguquguquka okubangelwa amandla angaphandle, zibuswa isikhathi nezimo zokushisa, futhi zibonisa izenzakalo zokukhasa kanye nokuphumula kwengcindezi. Ngesikhathi sokudlidliza, kukhona umehluko wesigaba ekucindezelekeni nasekuguquleni, okubonisa nokulahlekelwa kwe-hysteresis. Ukulahlekelwa kwamandla kubonakala ngendlela yokukhiqiza ukushisa ngokusekelwe kubukhulu bayo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni eziguquguqukayo, ukuncika ngezikhathi ezithile kungabonwa, okusebenzayo kumthetho wokuguqula izinga lokushisa lesikhathi.

3. Inomsebenzi we-anti vibration kanye nokubhafa

Ukusebenzisana phakathi kokuthambile, ukunwebeka, kanye ne-viscoelasticity yerabha kubonisa amandla ayo okunciphisa ukudluliswa komsindo nokudlidliza. Ngakho-ke isetshenziswa ezinyathelweni zokunciphisa umsindo nokungcola kokudlidliza.

4. Kukhona ukuncika okuphawulekayo ekushiseni

Akuyona nje irabha kuphela, kodwa izici eziningi ezibonakalayo zezinto ze-polymer ngokuvamile zithinteka ekushiseni, futhi i-rubber inokuthambekela okunamandla kwe-viscoelasticity, ebuye ithinteke kakhulu ukushisa. Sekukonke, injoloba ijwayele ukugcwala emazingeni okushisa aphansi; Emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, uchungechunge lwezinqubo ezifana nokuthambisa, ukuchithwa, i-oxidation eshisayo, ukubola okushisayo, nokuvutha kungase kwenzeke. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yokuthi irabha i-organic, ayinakho ukuncipha komlilo.

5. Izici zokufakelwa kukagesi

Njengepulasitiki, irabha ekuqaleni yayiyi-insulator. Kusetshenziswa esikhumbeni se-insulation nezinye izici, izici zokufakelwa kukagesi nazo ziyathinteka ngenxa yokwakheka okuhlukile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kunama-rubber e-conductive anciphisa ngenkuthalo ukumelana ne-insulation ukuvimbela ukufakwa kukagesi.

6. Isimo sokuguga

Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugqwala kwezinsimbi, ukhuni, itshe, kanye nokuwohloka kwamapulasitiki, izinguquko ezibonakalayo ezibangelwa izimo zemvelo zaziwa njengezenzakalo zokuguga embonini yenjoloba. Sekukonke, kunzima ukusho ukuthi irabha iyinto enokuqina okuhle kakhulu. Imisebe ye-UV, ukushisa, umoya-mpilo, i-ozone, uwoyela, izinyibilikisi, izidakamizwa, ingcindezi, ukudlidliza, njll. yizona zimbangela eziyinhloko zokuguga.

7. Udinga ukwengeza isulfure

Inqubo yokuxhuma iketango njengama-polymers enjoloba nesibabule noma ezinye izinto ibizwa ngokuthi i-sulfur addition. Ngenxa yokuncipha kokugeleza kwepulasitiki, ukwakheka, amandla, nezinye izinto ezibonakalayo ziyathuthukiswa, futhi izinga lokushisa lokusetshenziswa liyanwetshwa, okuholela ekusebenzeni okuthuthukisiwe. Ngaphezu kwesulfure sulfidation efanelekela ama-elastomer anesibopho esiphindwe kabili, kukhona ne-peroxide sulfidation kanye ne-ammonium sulfidation kusetshenziswa ama-peroxide. Kurabha ye-thermoplastic, eyaziwa nangokuthi irabha efana nepulasitiki, kukhona naleyo engadingi ukungezwa kwesibabule.

8. Kudingeka ifomula

Kurabha yokwenziwa, okuhlukile kwenziwa lapho ukwakheka okufana ne-polyurethane kungadingeki (ngaphandle kwama-agent axhumanisayo). Ngokuvamile, irabha idinga ukwakheka okuhlukahlukene. Kubalulekile ukubhekisela ohlotsheni nenani lokubunjwa elikhethwe "njengokusungula ifomula" kubuchwepheshe bokucubungula irabha. Izingxenye ezicashile zefomula elisebenzayo elihambisana nenjongo kanye nokusebenza okudingekayo kungashiwo njengobuchwepheshe babakhiqizi abahlukahlukene abacutshungulwayo.

9. Ezinye izici

(a) Amandla adonsela phansi athile

Ngokuphathelene nerabha eluhlaza, iraba yemvelo isukela ku-0.91 kuya ku-0.93, i-EPM isukela ku-0.86 kuya ku-0.87 ngokuba yincane kakhulu, futhi i-fluororubber isukela ku-1.8 kuya ku-2.0 ekubeni inkulu kakhulu. Irabha esebenzayo iyahlukahluka ngokuya ngefomula, ngokudonsela phansi okuthile okungaba ngu-2 kukhabhoni emnyama nesibabule, 5.6 kwezinhlanganisela zensimbi njenge-zinc oxide, futhi cishe oku-1 kokwakhiwa kwemvelo. Ezimweni eziningi, amandla adonsela phansi athile asukela ku-1 kuye ku-2. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ezimweni ezingavamile, kukhona nemikhiqizo enekhwalithi esindayo njengamafilimu angazwakali agcwele impushana eholayo. Sekukonke, uma kuqhathaniswa nezinsimbi nezinye izinto, kungathiwa ilula.

(b) Ukuqina

Sekukonke, kuthanda ukuthamba. Nakuba kunabaningi abanobulukhuni obuphansi bobuso, kungenzeka futhi ukuthola i-adhesive eqinile efana nerabha ye-polyurethane, engashintshwa ngokuvumelana nokwakheka okuhlukene.

(c) Indawo yokuphefumula

Sekukonke, kunzima ukusebenzisa umoya namanye amagesi njengemishini yokuvala. Irabha ye-Butyl inokungaphefumuli okuhle kakhulu, kuyilapho irabha ye-silicone iphefumula kalula.

(d) Ukungangeni kwamanzi

Sekukonke, inezinto ezingangeni manzi, izinga lokumunca amanzi eliphakeme kunepulasitiki, futhi ingafinyelela amashumi amaningana wamaphesenti emanzini abilayo. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, mayelana nokumelana namanzi, ngenxa yezici ezifana nezinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokucwiliswa, nokungenelela kwe-asidi ne-alkali, irabha ye-polyurethane cishe ingase ihlukane nokuhlukaniswa kwamanzi.

(e) Ukumelana nezidakamizwa

Sekukonke, inokumelana ngokuqinile nezidakamizwa ezingaphili, futhi cishe yonke irabha ingakwazi ukumelana nokugxila okuphansi kwe-alkali. Amarabha amaningi aba brittle lapho ethintana nama-oxidizing acid aqinile. Nakuba imelana kakhulu nama-fatty acids njengezidakamizwa eziphilayo ezifana notshwala ne-ether. Kodwa ku-hydrogen carbide, i-acetone, i-carbon tetrachloride, i-carbon disulfide, i-phenolic compounds, njll., ingena kalula futhi ibangele ukuvuvukala nokuba buthakathaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho, mayelana nokumelana nowoyela, abaningi bangakwazi ukumelana namafutha ezilwane nemifino, kodwa bazokhubaza futhi bavame ukuvuvukala lapho bethintana ne-petroleum. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kuphinde kuthonywe izici ezifana nohlobo lwerabha, uhlobo nenani lokubunjwa, kanye nezinga lokushisa.

(f) Ukumelana nokugqoka

Kuyisici esidingeka ikakhulukazi emasimini amathayi, amabhande amancane, izicathulo, njll. Uma kuqhathaniswa nokugqoka okubangelwa ukushelela, ukuguga kuyinkinga enkulu. Irabha ye-polyurethane, irabha yemvelo, irabha ye-butadiene, njll. inokumelana okuhle kakhulu kokugqokwa.

(g) Ukumelana nokukhathala

Isho ukuqina ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa okuphindaphindiwe nokudlidliza. Nakuba ukuphishekela kunzima ukukhiqiza imifantu nenqubekela phambili ngenxa yokushisa, kuhlobene nezinguquko ezibonakalayo ezibangelwa imiphumela yemishini. I-SBR iphakeme kunenjoloba yemvelo mayelana ne-crack generation, kodwa izinga layo lokukhula liyashesha futhi liphansi kakhulu. Ithintwa uhlobo lwerabha, ubukhulu bamandla, isivinini sokuguquguquka, ne-ejenti eqinisayo.

(h) Amandla

Irabha inezinto eziqinile (amandla okuphuka, ukwelula,% modulus), amandla okucindezela, amandla okugunda, amandla okudabula, njll. Kukhona okunamathelayo njengerabha ye-polyurethane eyirabha emsulwa enamandla amakhulu, kanye namarabha amaningi athuthukisiwe ngokuhlanganisa. ama-ejenti kanye nama-ejenti aqinisayo.

(i) Ukumelana nelangabi

Kubhekiselwa ekuqhathanisweni kokuvutha kanye nezinga lokusha kwezinto lapho zihlangana nomlilo. Kodwa-ke, ukuconsa, ubuthi bokukhiqizwa kwegesi, kanye nenani lentuthu nakho kuyizinkinga. Ngenxa yokuthi irabha iyinto ephilayo, ayikwazi ukuvutha, kodwa iphinde ithuthuke ibheke ezakhiweni ezivimbela amalangabi, futhi kukhona namarabha anezici ezivimbela ilangabi njengerabha ye-fluororubber ne-chloroprene.

(j) Ukunamathela

Sekukonke, inokunamathela okuhle. Ihlakazwe ku-solvent futhi ingaphansi kokucubungula okunamathelayo, le ndlela ingafinyelela izakhiwo zokunamathela zesistimu yenjoloba. Amathayi nezinye izakhi zihlanganiswa ngokusekelwe ekufakweni kwesibabule. Irabha yemvelo kanye ne-SBR empeleni kusetshenziswa ekuxhumaniseni irabha nerabha, iraba kuya kufiber, irabha epulasitiki, irabha nensimbi, njll.

(k) Ubuthi

Ekwakhiweni kwenjoloba, amanye ama-stabilizers nama-plasticizers aqukethe izinto eziyingozi, futhi izingulube ezisekelwe ku-cadmium kufanele ziqashelwe.