I-Rubber icubungula imibuzo engama-38, ukuxhumanisa nokucubungula

I-Rubber processing Q&A

1. Kungani irabha idinga ukubunjwa

Inhloso yepulasitiki yenjoloba ukufinyeza amaketanga amakhulu enjoloba amangqamuzana enjoloba ngaphansi kwemishini, eshisayo, yamakhemikhali nezinye izenzo, okubangela ukuthi irabha ilahlekelwe ukuqina kwayo okwesikhashana futhi yandise ipulasitiki yayo, ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo ekukhiqizeni. Isibonelo, ukwenza i-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ibe lula ukuyixuba, ukwenza kube lula ukugoqa kanye nokukhishwa, ngamaphethini abunjiwe acacile kanye nokwakheka okuzinzile, okwandisa ukugeleza kwezinto zenjoloba ezibunjiwe kanye nomjovo, okwenza kube lula ukuthi impahla yenjoloba ingene emiculweni, futhi ithuthukise ukuncibilika. kanye nokunamathela kwento yerabha. Yiqiniso, amanye ama-viscosity aphansi kanye nama-rubber e-viscosity angashintshi angase angabi nepulasitiki. Irabha yezinhlayiyana ezijwayelekile zasekhaya, irabha ejwayelekile yaseMalaysia (SMR).

1. Yiziphi izici ezithinta i-plasticization yerabha ku-mixer yangaphakathi

Ukuxutshwa kwenjoloba eluhlaza ku-mixer yangaphakathi kungokuxutshwa kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu, nezinga lokushisa elincane elingu-120.℃noma ngaphezulu, ngokuvamile phakathi kuka-155℃futhi 165℃. Irabha eluhlaza ingaphansi kwezinga lokushisa eliphezulu kanye nokusebenza okuqinile komshini ekamelweni le-mixer, okuholela ekufakweni kwe-oxidation okunzima futhi kuzuzwe ipulasitiki efanelekile ngesikhathi esifushane uma kuqhathaniswa. Ngakho-ke, izici eziyinhloko ezithinta ukuxutshwa kwerabha eluhlaza nepulasitiki ku-mixer yangaphakathi yilezi:

(1)Ukusebenza kobuchwepheshe bezisetshenziswa, njengejubane, njll,

(2)Izimo zenqubo, njengesikhathi, izinga lokushisa, umfutho womoya, namandla.

1. Kungani ama-rubber ahlukahlukene enezakhiwo ezahlukene ze-plasticizing

Ipulasitiki yenjoloba ihlobene eduze nokwakheka kwayo kwamakhemikhali, ukwakheka kwamangqamuzana, isisindo samangqamuzana, kanye nokusabalalisa isisindo samangqamuzana. Ngenxa yezakhiwo nezakhiwo zazo ezihlukene, irabha yemvelo kanye nerabha yokwenziwa ngokuvamile kulula ukwenza ipulasitiki kunerabha yokwenziwa. Mayelana nerabha yokwenziwa, irabha ye-isoprene kanye nerabha ye-chloroprene iseduze nerabha yemvelo, ilandelwa irabha ye-styrene butadiene nerabha ye-butyl, kuyilapho irabha ye-nitrile inzima kakhulu.

1. Kungani ipulasitiki yenjoloba eluhlaza isetshenziswa njengezinga lekhwalithi eliyinhloko lenhlanganisela yepulasitiki

I-plasticity yenjoloba eluhlaza ihlobene nobunzima bayo yonke inqubo yokukhiqiza yomkhiqizo, futhi ithinta ngokuqondile izakhiwo ezibalulekile zezakhiwo zomzimba nemishini yenjoloba ene-vulcanized kanye nokusetshenziswa komkhiqizo. Uma i-plasticity yenjoloba eluhlaza iphezulu kakhulu, izonciphisa izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezomshini zenjoloba eshisiwe. Uma ipulasitiki yenjoloba eluhlaza iphansi kakhulu, izodala ubunzima enqubweni elandelayo, okwenza kube nzima ukuxuba impahla yerabha ngokulinganayo. Ngesikhathi sokugoqa, ingaphezulu lomkhiqizo oqediwe abushelelezi futhi izinga lokuncipha likhulu, okwenza kube nzima ukubamba usayizi womkhiqizo osuphelile. Ngesikhathi sokugoqa, izinto zenjoloba nazo zinzima ukuxubha kwendwangu, okubangela izenzakalo ezifana nokucwecwa kwendwangu yamakhethini enjoloba elengayo, kunciphisa kakhulu ukunamathela phakathi kwezingqimba zendwangu. I-plasticity engalingani ingaholela enqubweni engahambisani kanye nezakhiwo zomzimba zemishini yenjoloba, futhi ithinte ngisho nokusebenza okungaguquki komkhiqizo. Ngakho-ke, ukuqonda kahle i-plasticity yenjoloba eluhlaza yinkinga engenakunakwa.

5. Iyini inhloso yokuxuba

Ukuxuba kuyinqubo yokuhlanganisa irabha eluhlaza kanye nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene ndawonye ngokusebenzisa okokusebenza kwenjoloba ngokuya ngenani lezithasiselo ezishiwo kufomula yezinto zenjoloba, nokuqinisekisa ukuthi zonke izithasiselo zihlakazeka ngokulinganayo kunjoloba eluhlaza. Inhloso yokuxuba izinto zenjoloba ukuthola izinkomba zokusebenza komzimba nezifanayo ezingaguquki ezihlangabezana nefomula enqunyiwe, ukuze kube lula ukusebenza kwenqubo nokuqinisekisa izidingo zekhwalithi zemikhiqizo eqediwe.

6. Kungani izingxube zihlangana ndawonye

Izizathu zokubhakwa kwe-ejenti ehlanganisayo yilezi: ukuxuba ipulasitiki enganele yenjoloba eluhlaza, isikhala esikhulu kakhulu se-roll, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu kakhulu, umthamo omkhulu kakhulu weglue wokulayisha, izinhlayiya ezimahhadla noma izinto zokubhaka eziqukethwe kwi-powder compounding agent, ijeli, njll. indlela yokuthuthukisa iwukuba ukwamukela izinyathelo ezithile ezisekelwe esimweni esithile: plasticizing ngokugcwele, ngokufanele ukulungisa isikhala roller, ukunciphisa izinga lokushisa roller, futhi ukunaka indlela yokudla; Ukomisa nokuhlolwa kwezimpushana; Ukusika kufanele kube ngokufanele ngesikhathi sokuxuba.

1. Kungani inani eliningi lekhabhoni emnyama entweni yenjoloba likhiqiza "umphumela wokuhlanjululwa"

Lokhu okubizwa ngokuthi “umphumela wokuhlanjululwa” kungenxa yobuningi bekhabhoni emnyama ekwenziweni kwenjoloba, okuholela ekwehleni okuhlobene kwenani lenjoloba, okuholela ekuxhumaneni okuseduze phakathi kwezinhlayiya ze-carbon black kanye nokungakwazi ukuhlakazeka kahle enjolobeni. impahla. Lokhu kubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela wokuhlanjululwa". Ngenxa yokuba khona kwamaqoqo amaningi ezinhlayiya ze-carbon black particle, ama-molecule enjoloba awakwazi ukungena phakathi kwamaqoqo ezinhlayiya ze-carbon black, futhi ukusebenzisana phakathi kwenjoloba ne-carbon black kuyancishiswa, okuholela ekwehleni kwamandla kanye nomphumela wokuqinisa olindelekile awukwazi ukufezwa.

8. Uyini umthelela wesakhiwo se-carbon black ezindaweni zezinto zenjoloba

I-Carbon black ikhiqizwa ukubola okushisayo kwama-hydrocarbon compounds. Lapho impahla eluhlaza kuyigesi yemvelo (okuyinto ikakhulukazi eyakhiwe ama-hydrocarbons anamafutha), kwakheka indandatho yekhabhoni enamalungu ayisithupha; Lapho izinto ezingavuthiwe zingamafutha asindayo (nokuqukethwe okuphezulu kwama-hydrocarbon anephunga elimnandi), iringi enamalungu ayisithupha equkethe ikhabhoni iphinde ikhishwe i-dehydrogenated futhi ifinyezwe ukuze yakhe isakhi se-polycyclic esiphunga elimnandi, ngaleyo ndlela yakhe ungqimba lwesakhiwo senethiwekhi eyi-hexagonal yama-athomu ekhabhoni. Lesi sendlalelo sidlulela izikhathi ezingu-3-5 futhi siba yikristalu. Izinhlayiya eziyindilinga zekhabhoni emnyama amakristalu e-amorphous akhiwe amasethi amaningana amakristalu angenawo umumo othize ojwayelekile. Kukhona izibopho zamahhala ezingenalutho ezizungeze i-crystal, okubangela ukuthi izinhlayiya ze-carbon black zihlangane, zenze amaketanga amancane e-branching ezinombolo ezihlukahlukene, okubizwa ngokuthi isakhiwo se-carbon black.

Isakhiwo se-carbon black siyahlukahluka ngezindlela ezahlukene zokukhiqiza. Ngokuvamile, ukwakheka kwenqubo yesithando somlilo i-carbon black iphakeme kunaleyo ye-tank process carbon black, futhi isakhiwo se-acetylene carbon black siphezulu kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwakheka kwe-carbon black nakho kuthinteka yizinto zokusetshenziswa. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-hydrocarbon enamakha yezinto zokusetshenziswa kuphezulu, ukwakheka kwekhabhoni emnyama kuphezulu, futhi isivuno siphezulu; Ngokuphambene nalokho, isakhiwo siphansi futhi isivuno sibuye siphansi. Ubukhulu bezinhlayiya ezimnyama zekhabhoni buncane, kuphakama isakhiwo. Ngaphakathi kobubanzi bezinhlayiyana ezifanayo, uma isakhiwo siphakeme, kuba lula ukusikhipha, futhi ingaphezulu lomkhiqizo okhishiwe libushelelezi ngokuncipha okuncane. Isakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama singalinganiswa ngevelu yokumunca uwoyela. Lapho ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana bufana, inani eliphakeme lokumunca amafutha libonisa isakhiwo esiphezulu, kuyilapho okuphambene kukhombisa isakhiwo esiphansi. Ikhabhoni emnyama enesakhiwo esiphezulu kunzima ukuyihlakaza kurabha yokwenziwa, kodwa irabha yokwenziwa ethambile idinga i-modulus carbon black ephezulu ukuze ithuthukise amandla ayo. I-Fine particle high structured carbon black ingathuthukisa ukumelana nokugqokwa kwerabha yokunyathela. Izinzuzo zesakhiwo esiphansi ikhabhoni emnyama amandla aqinile aphezulu, ukuphakama okuphezulu, amandla aqinile aphansi, ubulukhuni obuphansi, impahla yerabha ethambile, kanye nokukhiqizwa kokushisa okuphansi. Kodwa-ke, ukumelana kwayo nokugqoka kubi kakhulu kunokwakheka okuphezulu kwekhabhoni emnyama enosayizi wezinhlayiyana ezifanayo.

1. Kungani i-carbon black ithinta ukusebenza okushisayo kwezinto zenjoloba

Umthelela wesakhiwo sekhabhoni emnyama ngesikhathi esishisayo sezinto zenjoloba: isikhathi esiphezulu sesakhiwo nesifushane sokushisa; Ubukhulu bezinhlayiyana zekhabhoni emnyama, isikhathi sokupheka siba sifushane. Umthelela wezakhiwo ezingaphezulu zezinhlayiya ze-carbon black ekuphekeni: ikakhulukazi ibhekisela kokuqukethwe komoyampilo phezu kwekhabhoni emnyama, enomoya-mpilo omningi, inani le-pH eliphansi, ne-acidic, njenge-slot black, ene-coking ende. isikhathi. Umphumela wenani lekhabhoni emnyama ngesikhathi esishisayo: inani elikhulu linganciphisa kakhulu isikhathi sokushiswa ngoba ukwanda kwekhabhoni emnyama kukhiqiza irabha eboshwe, enokuthambekela kokukhuthaza ukushiswa. Umthelela wekhabhoni emnyama ngesikhathi se-Mooney sokushiswa kwezinto zenjoloba uyahlukahluka kumasistimu ahlukene wokuvuvukalisa.

10. Kuyini ukuxutshwa kwesiteji sokuqala futhi yikuphi ukuxuba kwesigaba sesibili

Ukuxuba okukodwa kwesiteji kuyinqubo yokwengeza inhlanganisela yepulasitiki nezithasiselo ezihlukahlukene (kwezinye izithasiselo ezingahlakazeki kalula noma ezisetshenziswe ngamanani amancane, zingenziwa ngaphambili zibe yi-masterbatch) ngayinye ngayinye ngokwezidingo zenqubo. Okusho ukuthi, i-masterbatch ixubene ku-mixer yangaphakathi, bese isulfure noma amanye ama-agent avuzayo, kanye namanye ama-accelerator aphezulu angafanelekile ukungezwa ku-mixer yangaphakathi, afakwa emshinini wokunyathelisa wethebhulethi. Ngamafuphi, inqubo yokuxuba iqedwa ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kokuma phakathi.

Ukuxuba kwesigaba sesibili kubhekisela enqubweni yokuxuba ngokulinganayo izithasiselo ezihlukahlukene, ngaphandle kwama-agent avuzayo nama-super accelerator, anerabha eluhlaza ukuze kukhiqizwe injoloba eyisisekelo. Ingxenye engezansi iyapholiswa futhi ipakwe isikhathi esithile, bese ukucubungula okungeziwe kwenziwa ku-mixer yangaphakathi noma umshini wokugaya ovulekile ukwengeza ama-vulcanizing agents.

11. Kungani amafilimu edinga ukupholiswa ngaphambi kokuba agcinwe

Izinga lokushisa lefilimu elinqunywe yi-tablet press liphezulu kakhulu. Uma ingapholisiwe ngokushesha, kulula ukukhiqiza i-vulcanization yokuqala kanye nokunamathela, okubangela inkinga yenqubo elandelayo. Imboni yethu yehla emshinini wokunyathelisa wethebhulethi, futhi ngomshini wokupholisa ifilimu, icwiliswa ku-ejenti yokuhlukanisa, ishaywe umoya, futhi isikwe ngale njongo. Imfuneko yokupholisa evamile ukupholisa izinga lokushisa lefilimu libe ngaphansi kwama-45℃, futhi isikhathi sokugcina se-adhesive akufanele sibe side kakhulu, ngaphandle kwalokho kungase kubangele ukuba i-adhesive ifafaze isithwathwa.

1. Kungani ulawula izinga lokushisa lesulfure elingaphansi kuka-100℃

Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi lapho isulfure ne-accelerator zengezwa ezintweni zenjoloba ezixubile, uma izinga lokushisa lidlula i-100.℃, kulula ukubangela i-vulcanization yokuqala (okungukuthi ukushiswa) kwezinto zenjoloba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isibabule sincibilika ku-rubber emazingeni okushisa aphezulu, futhi ngemva kokupholisa, isibabule sijiya phezu kwento yenjoloba, sibangele isithwathwa nokuhlakazeka okungalingani kwesibabule.

1. Kungani amafilimu axubile edinga ukupaka isikhathi esithile ngaphambi kokuthi asetshenziswe

Inhloso yokugcina amafilimu enjoloba axubile ngemva kokupholisa ikabili: (1) ukubuyisela ukukhathala kwezinto zenjoloba nokuphumula ukucindezeleka kwemishini okuhlangenwe nakho ngesikhathi sokuxuba; (2) Nciphisa ukushwabana kwezinto ezinamathelayo; (3) Qhubeka nokusabalalisa i-ejenti ehlanganisayo phakathi nenqubo yokupaka, ekhuthaza ukuhlakazeka okufanayo; (4) Khiqiza futhi irabha ehlanganisayo phakathi kwerabha nekhabhoni emnyama ukuze uthuthukise umphumela wokuqinisa.

14. Kungani kudingekile ukusebenzisa ngokuqinile umthamo ohlukanisiwe kanye nesikhathi sokucindezela

Ukulandelana komthamo kanye nesikhathi sokucindezela yizici ezibalulekile ezithinta ikhwalithi yokuxuba. Umthamo ohlukanisiwe ungathuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuxuba futhi ukhulise ukufana, futhi kunemithetho ekhethekile yokulandelana kwemithamo yamakhemikhali athile, njengokuthi: izinto ezithambisa uketshezi akufanele zengezwe ngesikhathi esifanayo nekhabhoni emnyama ukugwema ukuhlangana. Ngakho-ke, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa ngokuqinile i-dosing ehlukanisiwe. Uma isikhathi sokucindezela sisifushane kakhulu, irabha nemithi ayikwazi ukukhuhlwa futhi ixoshwe ngokugcwele, okuholela ekuxubeni okungalingani; Uma isikhathi sokucindezela siside kakhulu futhi izinga lokushisa lokuxuba liphezulu kakhulu, kuzothinta ikhwalithi futhi kunciphise ukusebenza kahle. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi sokucindezela kufanele siphoqelelwe ngokuqinile.

15. Uyini umthelela wokugcwalisa umthamo ngekhwalithi yerabha exutshwe nepulasitiki

Umthamo wokugcwalisa ubhekisela kumthamo wangempela wokuxuba we-mixer yangaphakathi, okuvame ukubala kuphela i-50-60% yenani eliphelele lekamelo lokuxuba le-mixer yangaphakathi. Uma umthamo mkhulu kakhulu, akukho igebe elanele ekuxubeni, futhi ukuxuba okwanele akukwazi ukwenziwa, okuholela ekuxubeni okungalingani; Ukwanda kwezinga lokushisa kungabangela kalula ukuzilimaza kwentoloba; Kungase futhi kubangele ukugcwala kwezimoto. Uma umthamo umncane kakhulu, akukho ukumelana okwanele kokungqubuzana phakathi kwama-rotor, okuholela ekuxubeni kokungenzi lutho nokungalingani, okuthinta ikhwalithi yenjoloba exubile futhi kunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwemishini.

1. Kungani izinto ezithambisa uketshezi zidinga ukwengezwa ekugcineni lapho kuhlanganiswa izinto zenjoloba

Lapho kuhlanganiswa izinto zenjoloba, uma izithambiso eziwuketshezi zengezwa kuqala, kuzodala ukwanda ngokweqile kwerabha eluhlaza futhi kuthinte ukungqubuzana kwemishini phakathi kwama-molecule enjoloba nama-filler, kunciphise ijubane lokuhlanganisa lezinto zenjoloba, futhi kubangele ukuhlakazeka okungalingani ngisho nokuhlangana. kwempushana. Ngakho-ke ngesikhathi sokuxuba, izinto ezithambisa uketshezi ngokuvamile zengezwa ekugcineni.

17. Kungani izinto zenjoloba ezixubile “zicwebezela” ngemva kokushiywa isikhathi eside

Izizathu eziyinhloko zokuvela kwe-“self sulphur” ngesikhathi sokubekwa kwezinto zenjoloba ezixubile yilezi: (1) kusetshenziswa ama-vulcanizing agents amaningi kanye nama-accelerator; (2) Umthamo omkhulu wokulayisha irabha, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu lomshini wokucwenga iraba, ukupholisa kwefilimu okwanele; (3) Noma ukwengeza isulfure kusenesikhathi kakhulu, ukuhlakazeka okungalingani kwezinto zomuthi kubangela ukugcwala kwendawo kwama-accelerator nesibabule; (4) Indawo yokupaka engafanele, njengezinga lokushisa elidlulele kanye nokungahambi kahle komoya endaweni yokupaka.

18. Kungani i-rubber yokuxuba impahla ku-mixer idinga ukuba nomfutho othile womoya

Ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ngaphezu kokuba khona kwerabha eluhlaza kanye nezinto zokwelapha ekamelweni lokuxuba le-mixer yangaphakathi, kukhona nenani elikhulu lezikhala. Uma ukucindezela kunganele, irabha eluhlaza kanye nezinto zokwelapha azikwazi ukugujwa futhi zixove ngokwanele, okuholela ekuxubeni okungalingani; Ngemva kokwandisa ukucindezela, izinto zenjoloba zizobhekana nokungqubuzana okuqinile nokuxova phezulu, phansi, kwesokunxele, nakwesokudla, okwenza irabha eluhlaza kanye ne-ejenti ehlanganisiwe ngokushesha futhi ngokulinganayo kuxutshwe. Ngombono, ukuphakama kwengcindezi, kungcono. Kodwa-ke, ngenxa yokulinganiselwa kwemishini nezinye izici, ingcindezi yangempela ayikwazi ukungenamkhawulo. Ngokuvamile, ingcindezi yomoya ezungeze u-6Kg/cm2 ingcono.

1. Kungani ama-roller amabili omshini wokuxuba irabha evulekile kudingeka abe nesilinganiso esithile sejubane

Inhloso yokuklama isilinganiso sesivinini somshini wokucwenga wenjoloba ovulekile ukuthuthukisa umphumela wokugunda, ukukhiqiza ukungqubuzana komshini kanye nokuphuka kweketango lamangqamuzana kumpahla yenjoloba, nokukhuthaza ukuhlakazwa kwe-ejenti yokuhlanganisa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, isivinini esihamba kancane siyazuzisa ekusebenzeni nasekukhiqizeni ukuphepha.

1. Kungani i-mixer yangaphakathi ikhiqiza into yokufaka i-thallium

Ngokuvamile kunezizathu ezintathu zokufakwa kwe-thallium ku-mixer: (1) kunezinkinga ngemishini ngokwayo, njengokuvuza komoya kusuka kubhawodi ephezulu, (2) umfutho womoya onganele, kanye (3) nokusebenza okungafanele, njengokuthi ukunganaki lapho wengeza izinto ezithambisayo, ngokuvamile okubangela ukuba ingcina inamathele kumshudo ongaphezulu kanye nodonga lwegumbi lokuxuba. Uma ingahlanzwa ngesikhathi, izogcina ithintekile.

21. Kungani ifilimu ehlanganisiwe icindezela futhi ihlakaze

Ngenxa yokunganaki ngesikhathi sokuxuba, kuvame ukuhlakazeka ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene, ikakhulukazi ezihlanganisa: (1) ukwephula ukulandelana kwemithamo ecaciswe emithethweni yenqubo noma ukwengeza ngokushesha; (2) Izinga lokushisa ekamelweni lokuxutshwa liphansi kakhulu ngesikhathi sokuxuba; (3) Umthamo oweqile wokugcwalisa ifomula kungenzeka. Ngenxa yokuxuba okungalungile, izinto zenjoloba zachotshozwa futhi zahlakazwa. Impahla yerabha ehlakaziwe kufanele yengezwe ngebanga elifanayo lenhlanganisela yepulasitiki noma irabha kamama, bese ingaphansi kokwelashwa kobuchwepheshe ngemva kokucindezelwa nokukhishwa.

22. Kungani kudingekile ukucacisa umyalelo we-dosing

Inhloso yokulandelana kwe-dosing ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuhlanganiswa kwenjoloba nokuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yezinto ezixubile zerabha. Ngokuvamile, ukuhleleka kokwengeza amakhemikhali kungokulandelayo: (1) Ukwengeza ipulasitiki ukuze kuthambise injoloba, okwenza kube lula ukuyihlanganisa ne-ejenti ehlanganisayo. (2) Engeza imithi emincane efana ne-zinc oxide, i-stearic acid, ama-accelerator, ama-anti-aging agents, njll. Lezi yizingxenye ezibalulekile ze-adhesive material. Okokuqala, bangeze ukuze bakwazi ukuhlakazeka ngokulinganayo ku-adhesive material. (3) Ikhabhoni emnyama noma ezinye izigcwalisi ezifana nobumba, i-calcium carbonate, njll. (4) Isithambisi soketshezi nokuvuvukala kwenjoloba kwenza ikhabhoni ibe mnyama nerabha ukuxutshwa kalula. Uma ukulandelana kwemithamo kungalandelwa (ngaphandle kwamafomula anezidingo ezikhethekile), kuzophazamisa kakhulu ikhwalithi yezinto zenjoloba ezixubile.

23. Kungani kunezinhlobo ezimbalwa zenjoloba eluhlaza ezisetshenziswa ndawonye ngendlela efanayo

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokusetshenziswa embonini yenjoloba, izinhlobonhlobo zenjoloba yokwenziwa ziyanda. Ukuze kuthuthukiswe izakhiwo ezingokomzimba nezomshini zenjoloba nenjoloba eshisiwe, kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kwenjoloba, nokunciphisa izindleko zemikhiqizo yenjoloba, izinhlobo eziningana zenjoloba eluhlaza zivame ukusetshenziswa ngendlela efanayo.

24. Kungani izinto zenjoloba zikhiqiza ipulasitiki ephezulu noma ephansi

Isizathu esiyinhloko salesi simo ukuthi i-plasticity ye-plastic compound ayifanele; Isikhathi sokuxuba side kakhulu noma sifushane kakhulu; Ukushisa okungalungile kokuxuba; Futhi ingcina ayixubene kahle; Ukwengezwa ngokweqile noma okwanele kwama-plasticizers; Ikhabhoni emnyama ingakhiqizwa ngokwengeza okuncane kakhulu noma ngokusebenzisa uhlobo olungalungile. Indlela yokuthuthukisa iwukubamba ngendlela efanele ipulasitiki yenhlanganisela yepulasitiki, ukulawula isikhathi sokuxuba nezinga lokushisa, bese uhlanganisa irabha ngokulinganayo. I-ejenti yokuxuba kufanele ikalwe ngokunembile futhi ihlolwe.

25. Kungani izinto zenjoloba ezixubile zikhiqiza amandla adonsela phansi athile amakhulu kakhulu noma amancane kakhulu

Izizathu zalokhu zihlanganisa ukukalwa okungalungile kwenhlanganisela, ukukhishwa, nokungafani. Uma inani le-carbon emnyama, i-zinc oxide, ne-calcium carbonate lidlula inani elishiwo ngenkathi inani lerabha eluhlaza, ama-plasticizer kawoyela, njll. lingaphansi kwenani elishiwo, kuzoba nezimo lapho amandla adonsela phansi eraba edlula inani elishiwo. Ngokuphambene nalokho, umphumela nawo uphambene. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngesikhathi sokuxuba izinto zenjoloba, impushana endizayo noma enamathele odongeni lwesitsha (njengasebhokisini lemithi elincane), nokwehluleka ukuthulula konke okungeziwe okungeziwe kungabangela amandla adonsela phansi entoloba ukuba abe kakhulu. phezulu noma phansi kakhulu. Indlela yokuthuthukisa ukuhlola ukuthi akhona yini amaphutha esikalini ngesikhathi sokuxuba, ukuqinisa ukusebenza, nokuvimbela ukundiza kwempushana nokuqinisekisa ngisho nokuxutshwa kwezinto zenjoloba.

26. Kungani ubulukhuni bezinto zenjoloba ezixubile buba phezulu kakhulu noma buphansi kakhulu

Isizathu esiyinhloko sokuqina okuphezulu noma okuphansi kwento yenjoloba ukukala okungalungile kwe-ejenti ehlanganisayo, njengesisindo se-ejenti e-vulcanizing, i-ejenti eqinisayo, kanye ne-accelerator ibe phezulu kunomthamo wefomula, okuholela ekutheni i-ultra- ubulukhuni obuphezulu benjoloba ene-vulcanized; Ngokuphambene nalokho, uma isisindo senjoloba kanye nama-plasticizers sidlula inani elinqunyiwe kwifomula, noma isisindo sama-ejenti aqinisayo, ama-vulcanizing agents, nama-accelerator singaphansi kwenani elinqunyiwe kufomula, nakanjani kuzoholela ebukhuni obuphansi be- impahla yenjoloba ene-vulcanized. Izinyathelo zayo zokuthuthukisa ziyafana nokunqoba isici sokuguquguquka kwepulasitiki. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemva kokungeza isulfure, ukugaya okungalingani nakho kungabangela ukushintshashintsha kokuqina (endaweni kukhulu kakhulu noma kuncane kakhulu).

27. Kungani izinto zenjoloba zinendawo eqala ukuguquguquka kancane

Isizathu esiyinhloko sendawo yokuqala yokwenziwa kwe-vulcanization yezinto zenjoloba kungenxa yenani elingaphansi kunelishiwo le-accelerator elikalwayo, noma ukushiywa kwe-zinc oxide noma i-stearic acid ngesikhathi sokuxutshwa; Okwesibili, uhlobo olungalungile lwekhabhoni emnyama kwesinye isikhathi lungabangela ukubambezeleka kwesilinganiso sokuvuvuka kwento yerabha. Izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa zihlanganisa ukuqinisa ukuhlola okuthathu kanye nokukala ngokunembile izinto zomuthi.

28. Kungani izinto zenjoloba zikhiqiza ukuntuleka kwesibabule

Ukwenzeka kokushoda kwesibabule ezintweni zenjoloba kubangelwa ikakhulukazi inhlanganisela engekho noma enganele yama-accelerator, ama-vulcanizing agents, ne-zinc oxide. Kodwa-ke, ukuxubana okungafanele kanye nokundiza kwempushana ngokweqile kungaholela ekuntulekeni kwesibabule ezintweni zenjoloba. Izinyathelo zokuthuthukisa yilezi: ngaphezu kokuzuza ukukala okunembile, ukuqinisa ukuhlolwa okuthathu, nokugwema izithako ezingekho noma ezingahambisani, kuyadingeka futhi ukuqinisa ukusebenza kwenqubo yokuxuba nokuvimbela inani elikhulu lempushana ekundizeni nasekulahlekelweni.

29. Kungani izici ezibonakalayo nemishini yezinto zenjoloba ezixubile zingahambisani

Isisindo esinganembile se-ejenti ehlanganisayo sibangelwa ikakhulukazi izinto eziqinisayo ezingekho noma ezingafani, ama-vulcanizing agents, nama-accelerator, okungaba nomthelela omubi kakhulu izici ezingokomzimba nezomshini zenhlanganisela yenjoloba eshisiwe. Okwesibili, uma isikhathi sokuxuba siside kakhulu, ukulandelana kwe-dosing kungenangqondo, futhi ukuxuba kungalingani, kungabangela futhi izici zomzimba nemishini yenjoloba ehlutshiwe ukuba ingafaneleki. Okokuqala, kufanele kuthathwe izinyathelo zokuqinisa ubuciko bokunemba, ukusebenzisa isistimu yokuhlola emithathu, futhi kuvinjwe ukukhishwa okungalungile noma okugejiwe kwezinto zokwenza imithi. Kodwa-ke, ezintweni zenjoloba ezinekhwalithi ephansi, ukucubungula okungeziwe noma ukufakwa ezintweni zenjoloba eziqeqeshiwe kuyadingeka.

30. Kungani izinto zenjoloba zikhiqiza ukushisa

Izizathu zokushiswa kwezinto zenjoloba zingafingqwa ngale ndlela elandelayo: ukwakheka kwefomula okungenangqondo, njengokusetshenziswa ngokweqile kwama-ejenti e-vulcanizing nama-accelerator; Umthamo wokulayisha iraba ngokweqile, ukusebenza okungalungile kokuxuba iraba, njengokushisa okuphezulu komshini wokuxuba iraba, ukupholisa okwanele ngemva kokuthulula, ukufakwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwesulfure noma ukuhlakazeka okungalingani, okuholela ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwama-agent e-vulcanizing kanye nama-accelerator; Isitoreji ngaphandle kokupholisa okuncane, ukugoqa ngokweqile noma isikhathi sokulondoloza isikhathi eside kungabangela ukushiswa kwezinto ezinamathelayo.

31. Ungakuvimbela kanjani ukushiswa kwezinto zenjoloba

Ukuvimbela ukupheka ikakhulukazi kuhilela ukuthatha izinyathelo ezihambisanayo zokubhekana nezimbangela zokupheka.

(1) Ukuvimbela ukuhangula, njengokulawula ngokuqinile izinga lokushisa lokuxuba, ikakhulukazi ukushisa kwesibabule, ukuthuthukisa izimo zokupholisa, ukwengeza izinto ngendlela echazwe ekucacisweni kwenqubo, nokuqinisa ukuphathwa kwezinto zenjoloba.

(2) Lungisa uhlelo lwe-vulcanization kufomula futhi wengeze ama-anti coking agents afanelekile.

32. Kungani ungeza u-1-1.5% we-stearic acid noma uwoyela lapho usebenza nezinto zenjoloba ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushiswa

Okwezinto zenjoloba ezinezinga elivuthayo elikhanyayo, iphasi elincane (i-roller pitch 1-1.5mm, izinga lokushisa elingaphansi kwama-45℃) Izikhathi ezi-4-6 emshinini ovulekile, paka amahora angu-24, bese uwaxuba ezintweni ezinhle ozozisebenzisa. Umthamo kufanele ulawulwe ngaphansi kwama-20%. Kodwa-ke, ezintweni zenjoloba ezinezinga eliphezulu lokushisa, kunamabhondi e-vulcanization angaphezulu kwento yerabha. Ukwengeza i-1-1.5% ye-stearic acid kungabangela ukuthi impahla yerabha ikhukhumale futhi isheshise ukucekelwa phansi kwesakhiwo sokuxhumanisa. Ngisho nangemva kokwelashwa, ingxenye yalolu hlobo lwenjoloba eyengezwe ezintweni ezinhle zenjoloba akufanele idlule u-10% Yebo, kwezinye izinto zenjoloba ezishiswe kakhulu, ngaphezu kokwengeza i-stearic acid, izithambisa zikawoyela ezingama-2-3% kufanele zengezwe ngendlela efanele. usizo ekuvuvukeni. Ngemuva kokwelashwa, zingehliswa kuphela ukuze zisetshenziswe. Ngokuqondene nezinto zenjoloba ezishisa kakhulu, azikwazi ukucutshungulwa ngokuqondile futhi zingasetshenziswa kuphela njengempahla eluhlaza yenjoloba egaywe kabusha.

33. Kungani izinto zenjoloba zidinga ukugcinwa kumapuleti ensimbi

Irabha yepulasitiki nexubile ithambile kakhulu. Uma ibekwe phansi ngokunganaki, imfucumfucu enjengesihlabathi, amatshe, inhlabathi, nezicucu zezinkuni zinganamathela kalula enjolobeni, kwenze kube nzima ukukubona. Ukuwaxuba kunganciphisa kakhulu izinga lomkhiqizo, ikakhulukazi kweminye imikhiqizo emincane, ebulalayo. Uma imfucumfucu yensimbi ixubene, ingabangela izingozi zemishini. Ngakho izinto zokunamathela kufanele zigcinwe ezingcwecweni zensimbi ezenziwe ngokukhethekile futhi zigcinwe ezindaweni ezimisiwe.

34. Kungani ipulasitiki yenjoloba exubile ngezinye izikhathi ihluka kakhulu

Kunezici eziningi ezithinta izinguquko ze-plasticity zenjoloba exubile, ikakhulukazi kufaka phakathi: (1) isampula engahambisani nerabha yepulasitiki; (2) Ukucindezela okungalungile kwenhlanganisela yepulasitiki ngesikhathi sokuxuba; (3) Inani lezinto ezithambisayo alilungile; (4) Isilinganiso esiyinhloko sokuxazulula izinkinga ezingenhla ukulandela ngokuqinile imithethonqubo yenqubo futhi unake izaziso zobuchwepheshe zezinguquko zempahla eluhlaza, ikakhulukazi izinguquko zenjoloba eluhlaza kanye ne-carbon black.

35. Kungani kudingeka ukuxubanisa i-pass reverse reverse ngemva kokuthi irabha exubile isikhishiwe kumxube wangaphakathi

Izinga lokushisa lezinto zenjoloba ezilahliwe kusuka kumxube wangaphakathi ngokuvamile lingaphezu kuka-125℃, kuyilapho izinga lokushisa lokwengeza isulfure kufanele libe ngaphansi kuka-100℃. Ukuze unciphise ngokushesha izinga lokushisa kwezinto zenjoloba, kuyadingeka ukuthululela ngokuphindaphindiwe impahla yerabha bese uqhuba umsebenzi wokwengeza isulfure ne-accelerator.

36. Yiziphi izingqinamba okufanele ziqashelwe ngesikhathi sokucutshungulwa kokusebenzisa i-adhesive sulfur adhesive

Isibabule esingancibiliki asizinzile futhi singaguqulwa sibe isibabule esincibilikayo esijwayelekile. Ukuguqulwa kuhamba kancane ekamelweni lokushisa, kodwa kuyashesha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Lapho ifinyelela ku-110℃, ingaguqulwa ibe yisulfure evamile phakathi nemizuzu engu-10-20. Ngakho-ke, lesi sulfure kufanele sigcinwe ezingeni lokushisa eliphansi kakhulu. Ngesikhathi sokucubungula isithako, ukunakekelwa kufanele futhi kuthathwe ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa eliphansi (ngaphansi kuka-100℃) ukuvimbela ukuthi ingaguqulwa ibe yisibabule esijwayelekile. Isulfure engancibiliki, ngenxa yokungancibiliki kwayo enjolobeni, ngokuvamile kunzima ukuyihlakaza ngokufanayo, futhi kufanele futhi inikezwe ukunakwa okwanele kule nqubo. Isibabule esingancibiliki sisetshenziselwa kuphela ukufaka esikhundleni sesibabule esincibilikayo esijwayelekile, ngaphandle kokushintsha inqubo ye-vulcanization kanye nezakhiwo zenjoloba eshisiwe. Ngakho-ke, uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu kakhulu phakathi nenqubo, noma uma ligcinwe isikhathi eside ekushiseni okuphezulu, khona-ke ukulisebenzisa akunangqondo.

37. Kungani i-sodium oleate esetshenziswa kudivayisi yokupholisa ifilimu idinga ukusatshalaliswa

I-isodium oleate yokuhlukanisa esetshenziswa ethangini lamanzi abandayo ledivayisi yokupholisa ifilimu, ngenxa yokusebenza okuqhubekayo, ifilimu ehla emshinini wethebhulethi igcina ukushisa ku-sodium oleate, okuzokwenza ukuthi izinga lokushisa layo likhuphuke ngokushesha futhi lihluleke ukufeza. inhloso yokupholisa ifilimu. Ukuze kuncishiswe izinga lokushisa layo, kuyadingeka ukwenza ukupholisa nge-cyclic, ngale ndlela kuphela lapho imiphumela yokupholisa nokuhlukaniswa kwedivayisi yokupholisa ifilimu ingenziwa ngokuphumelelayo.

38. Kungani i-roller eyimishini ingcono kune-roller kagesi yemishini yokupholisa ifilimu

Idivayisi yokupholisa ifilimu yaqale yahlolwa nge-roller yokushisa kagesi, eyayinesakhiwo esiyinkimbinkimbi nokugcinwa okunzima. Impahla yenjoloba onqenqemeni lokusika yayithambekele ekuvuvukeni kwangaphambi kwesikhathi, okuyenza ingaphephile. Kamuva, amarola ayimishini asetshenziselwa ukugcinwa nokulungisa kalula, ukuqinisekisa ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo nokukhiqizwa okuphephile.